Homeostatic control of the cardiovascular system depends on a variety of metabolic, humoral, and neuroadrenergic influences. These factors physiologically interact with each other and participate, together with endothelial factors, in the regulation of cardiac as well as vascular function. Both endothelial and sympathetic functions undergo a variety of physiologic adjustments, participating in the cardiovascular responses to postural changes, to environmental temperature modifications, to stress, and to physical exercise. They also participate in the cardiovascular modifications typical of the aging process. In cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, sympathetic and endothelial alterations represent the key factors for the pathophysiology of the clinical conditions, its complications, and prognosis. They also represent the target for nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions.
Cardiovascular Regulation: Basic Considerations
G. Mancia,T. Lüscher,J. Shepherd,G. Noll,G. Grassi
Published 2007 in Unknown venue
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2007
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Medicine
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